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1) Perseus Encyclopedia laconia
... Leaving Sparta and going westward past Mistra toward Messene one must go through the Langadha Pass. The road is steep with hairpin turns and marvellous views of all the mountain ranges. The village of Mistra, 7 km from Sparta, is a Medieval city built on an outlying hill of the Taygetus range by the Franks under Villehardouin, and it was subsequently the most important Byzantine city after Thessaloniki and Constantinople. ...
2) Perseus Encyclopedia macedonia
... Chalcidice, with all its promontories, has the best harbors, but the principal harbor has been at Thessaloniki since antiquity. Three important routes converge on the Macedonian plain: from the Danube via the Morava and Axius valleys; from the Adriatic via Lake Ochrida; and from Thrace via Mygdonia. Contact with points south is made through the narrow vale of Tempe into Thessaly. ...
3) Perseus Encyclopedia macedonians
... Thessaloniki is the only important city of western Macedonia today. It rises on a protected bay on the Thermaic Gulf on the slopes of Mt. Khortiatis 1201 m, and has developed into an important port and center of communication between between Greece and the Balkan states. The town was founded by Kassandros in c. 315 B.C. near the settlement of Thermai and named after his wife Thessalonike, sister to Alexander the Great. During the Middle Ages it was the second city of the Byzantine Empire. ...
4) Perseus Encyclopedia macedonians
(Again in same section. See above.)
5) Perseus Encyclopedia macedonians
(Again in same section. See above.)
6) Strabo Geography 7.7.4
[7.7.4] Of this seaboard, then, the first parts are those about Epidamnus and Apollonia. From Apollonia to Macedonia one travels the Egnatian Road, towards the east; it has been measured by Roman miles and marked by pillars as far as Cypsela1 and the Hebrus2 River--a distance of five hundred and thirty-five miles. Now if one reckons as most people do, eight stadia to the mile, there would be four thousand two hundred and eighty stadia, whereas if one reckons as Polybius does, who adds two plethra, which is a third of a stadium, to the eight stadia, one must add one hundred and seventy-eight stadia--the third of the number of miles. And it so happens that travellers setting out from Apollonia and Epidamnus meet at an equal distance from the two places on the same road.3 Now although the road as a whole is called the Egnatian Road, the first part of it is called the Road to Candavia (an Illyrian mountain) and passes through Lychnidus,4 a city, and Pylon, a place on the road which marks the boundary between the Illyrian country and Macedonia. From Pylon the road runs to Barnus5 through Heracleia6 and the country of the Lyncestae and that of the Eordi into Edessa7 and Pella8 and as far as Thessaloniceia;9 and the length of this road in miles, according to Polybius, is two hundred and sixty-seven. So then, in travelling this road from the region of Epidamnus and Apollonia, one has on the right the Epeirotic tribes whose coasts are washed by the Sicilian Sea and extend as far as the Ambracian Gulf,10 and, on the left, the mountains of Illyrla, which I have already described in detail, and those tribes which live along them and extend as far as Macedonia and the country of the Paeonians. Then, beginning at the Ambracian Gulf, all the districts which, one after another, incline towards the east and stretch parallel to the Peloponnesus belong to Greece; they then leave the whole of the Peloponnesus on the right and project into the Aegaean Sea. But the districts which extend from the beginning of the Macedonian and the Paeonian mountains as far as the Strymon11 River are inhabited by the Macedonians, the Paeonians, and by some of the Thracian mountaineers; whereas the districts beyond the Strymon, extending as far as the mouth of the Pontus and the Haemus, all belong to the Thracians, except the seaboard. This seaboard is inhabited by Greeks, some being situated on the Propontis,12 others on the Hellespont and the Gulf of Melas,13 and others on the Aegaean. The Aegaean Sea washes Greece on two sides: first, the side that faces towards the east and stretches from Sunium,14 towards the north as far as the Thermaean Gulf15 and Thessaloniceia, a Macedonian city, which at the present time is more populous than any of the rest; and secondly, the side that faces towards the south, I mean the Macedonian country, extending from Thessaloniceia as far as the Strymon. Some, however, also assign to Macedonia the country that extends from the Strymon as far as the Nestus River,16 since Philip was so specially interested in these districts that he appropriated them to himself, and since he organized very large revenues from the mines and the other natural resources of the country. But from Sunium to the Peloponnesus lie the Myrtoan, the Cretan, and the Libyan Seas, together with their gulfs, as far as the Sicilian Sea; and this last fills out the Ambracian, the Corinthian, and the Crisaean17 Gulfs.
7,7,4,n1. Now Ipsala.
7,7,4,n2. Now the Maritza.
7,7,4,n3. Or, as we should say, the junction of the roas is equidistant from the two places.
7,7,4,n4. Now Ochrida.
7,7,4,n5. Now the Neretschka Planina Mountain.
7,7,4,n6. Heracleia Lyncestis; now Monastir.
7,7,4,n7. Now Vodena.
7,7,4,n8. The capital of Macedonia; now in ruins and called Hagii Apostoli.
7,7,4,n9. Now Thessaloniki or Saloniki.
7,7,4,n10. The Gulf of Arta.
7,7,4,n11. Now the Struma.
7,7,4,n12. Now the Sea of Marmara.
7,7,4,n13. Now the Gulf of Saros.
7,7,4,n14. Now Cape Colonna.
7,7,4,n15. Now the Gulf of Saloniki.
7,7,4,n16. Now the Mesta.
7,7,4,n17. See footnote on 6.. 1. 7.
7) site: Pella
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